Analytics glossary
An explanation of the terms, indicators and formulas found in the reports of the LogiFlow Analytics section. Every indicator comes with a definition, a calculation formula and an indication of where to look at it.
Most financial reports are built on accruals — bills of type bill (see Posting operations). Income is the "owed to us" accruals (out), expense is the "we owe" accruals (in). Cash indicators (cash flow, free funds) are built on the movement of money across accounts. Logistics reports are built on shipments, requests and transportation legs for the selected period.
Financial indicators
Income (Revenue)
The sum of accruals posted to clients for the period — the "owed to us" bills (bill, direction out). This is what we have issued for payment, regardless of whether it is paid or not.
- Where to look: Finance → Profitability; Operational → Income and expenses; the "Income (accrual)" card on the "Key metrics" tab.
Expense (Cost)
The sum of posted expense accruals for the period — the "we owe" bills (bill, direction in): payments to carriers, services, other costs.
- Where to look: the same reports as Income.
Profit (Profit)
Income minus expense for the period.
Profit = Income − Expense
In the "Profitability" report it is calculated per shipment: profit = income − expenses.
- Where to look: Finance → Profitability (the
profitfield); Operational → Income and expenses (netProfit); the "Margin (accrual)" card on the "Key metrics" tab.
Margin (Margin)
The share of profit in income, in percent.
Margin = Profit / Income × 100%
If there is no income, the margin is undefined (shown as "—").
Reference points for logistics:
-
A margin of 5% is low, the business is working on the edge.
-
A margin of 15–20% is normal for logistics.
-
A margin of 30%+ is high, typical for niche or specialized services.
-
Where to look: Finance → Profitability (
margin,averageMargin); Operational → Income and expenses (margin).
Accounts receivable (Accounts Receivable, AR)
The amount that clients owe us for services rendered but not paid for — unpaid or partially paid "owed to us" bills.
- Where to look: Finance → Debts (the "Overdue" / "Upcoming" block); Finance → Debt aging. In detail — Receivables and aging.
Accounts payable (Accounts Payable, AP)
The mirror concept — how much we owe carriers and suppliers (unpaid "we owe" bills).
Payables are shown in the Finance → Debts report on a par with receivables. But the Debt aging report and the DSO indicator are calculated only on receivables — payables are not included in them.
DSO (Days Sales Outstanding)
The average collection period of receivables in days — how many days on average pass from issuing a bill to receiving payment. The lower it is, the better the turnover.
- Where to look: Finance → Debt aging (the
dsofield).
Aging buckets (Aging buckets)
The grouping of unpaid receivables by the age of the overdue amount. LogiFlow uses five buckets:
| Bucket | What it means |
|---|---|
| Current | The payment due date has not come yet (not overdue) |
| 1–30 | Overdue from 1 to 30 days |
| 31–60 | Overdue from 31 to 60 days |
| 61–90 | Overdue from 61 to 90 days |
| 90+ | Overdue by more than 90 days |
The further the bucket, the worse the debt. Amounts are converted to the company's reference currency.
- Where to look: Finance → Debt aging.
Unit economics
Financial indicators reduced to one unit of service. They help understand the profitability of the business in principle, without a dependence on volume.
| Indicator | Definition |
|---|---|
Average revenue per shipment (avgRevenuePerShipment) | Income ÷ number of shipments |
Average cost per shipment (avgCostPerShipment) | Expense ÷ number of shipments |
Average profit per shipment (avgMarginPerShipment) | Profit ÷ number of shipments |
Cost/kg (avgCostPerKg) | Expense ÷ total cargo weight (the cost of delivering a kilogram) |
Cost/cbm (avgCostPerCbm) | Expense ÷ total volume in m³ (the cost of delivering a cubic meter) |
- Where to look: Finance → Profitability, the "Unit economics" block.
Logistics indicators
Time in status (Time in status)
How long on average a request/shipment spends in each status. It is calculated from the status change history: for each status the difference between entering and leaving is taken, then it is aggregated across all documents.
The report returns three values for each status:
- Average (
avgTimeMinutes) — the average time in the status. - Median — resistant to outliers (see below).
- P90 — an estimate of the worst cases (see below).
It helps find bottlenecks: "shipments get stuck at the 'Loading' status — there is a problem with the warehouse".
- Where to look: Logistics → Status efficiency.
Loading efficiency (Loading efficiency)
How close the actual loading of a vehicle is to the nominal load capacity (by weight) or capacity (by volume) of the shipment type.
Efficiency by weight = Actual weight / Max. weight of the type × 100%
Efficiency by volume = Actual volume / Max. volume of the type × 100%
For the chart the larger of the two is taken — the "binding" efficiency (max(weight, volume)): it is exactly what limits the loading.
LogiFlow uses a three-color scale, which takes into account not only underload, but also overload:
| Loading | Color | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| 70–100% | Green | Optimal loading |
| 40–70% | Orange | Underload |
| below 40% | Red | Critical underload |
| 100–120% | Orange | Overload (warning) |
| above 120% | Red | Critical overload |
Overload above 120% of the nominal load capacity is highlighted in red as critical: operating an overloaded vehicle violates Federal Law 257 "On roads…" and entails fines. High loading in the healthy band (70–100%) = fewer empty runs = higher margin, but "more than 100%" is not "even better", it is a risk.
- Where to look: Logistics → Shipment loading (the "Loading efficiency" chart and the gauge).
Delivery times and On-time
A comparison of actual delivery times with the planned ones.
-
On-time — the shipment was delivered no later than the planned delivery date (
delivery_date ≤ planned_delivery_date). -
Late — later than the planned date.
-
Early — earlier than the planned date.
-
Critical delay — a delay greater than the
critical_delay_daysthreshold (3 days by default, configurable in the range 1–365). -
Where to look: Logistics → Delivery times (
delivery_stats, the breakdown by routeby_route).
OTD Rate (On-Time Delivery Rate)
The percentage of shipments delivered on time, among the delivered ones, broken down by carrier.
OTD = Delivered on time / Total delivered × 100%
The norm for a quality carrier is 90%+. On the carrier scorecard it is highlighted with a color: green ≥ 90%, yellow 70–90%, red below 70%.
- Where to look: Logistics → Carriers (
otdRate).
Completion Rate (the share of completed legs)
The share of transportation legs that have an actual completion recorded, among all the legs of a carrier. A metric separate from OTD: it shows how accurately the carrier closes the legs.
- Where to look: Logistics → Carriers (
completionRate).
Carrier scorecard (carrier scorecard)
A set of metrics for a specific carrier, calculated from the transportation legs (LogisticLeg):
| Metric | What it shows |
|---|---|
legCount | How many legs it performed during the period |
shipmentCount | Across how many unique shipments |
avgDurationDays | The average duration of a leg in days |
otdRate | The share of on-time deliveries, % |
completionRate | The share of completed legs, % |
The carrier on a leg can be specified as a counterparty, as an account or manually — the scorecard reduces all three cases to a single carrier.
- Where to look: Logistics → Carriers.
Transportation legs and transfers (Multimodal / Legs)
An analysis of multimodal transportation split into legs (LogisticLeg) — for example road → rail → road.
| Indicator | What it shows |
|---|---|
totalLegs | Total legs for the period |
avgDurationDays | The average duration of a leg |
avgTransferDays | The average idle time at the junction of legs (the transfer) |
shipmentsWithMultipleLegs | How many shipments have more than one leg |
Additionally there is a breakdown by carrier (byCarrier), by leg order (byLegOrder) and the transfer times (transferTimes).
- Where to look: Logistics → Legs.
Assignment rate (the share of assigned requests)
The share of requests linked to a shipment, for the period.
Assignment rate = Assigned requests / All requests × 100%
"Assigned" = the request has a shipment specified. The period is counted by the request creation date.
- Where to look: Operational → Requests (
assignmentRate). There is also the list of orphan requests (without a shipment) with their age in days.
Cash indicators
Cash flow (Cash flow)
A forecast of receipts and expenses by date based on the planned bills. For each date there is the inflow (income), the outflow (expense) and the accumulated balance (balance).
- Where to look: Finance → Cash flows.
Free funds (Free funds)
The current balance for each currency minus the obligations plus the expected receipts.
Free funds = Current balance − Obligations + Expected receipts
- Where to look: Finance → Free funds (
fundsByCurrency:totalBalance,obligations,receivables,freeFunds).
Inflow / outflow / net (Cash inflow / outflow / net)
The cash cards on the "Key metrics" tab (Operational → Key metrics), the "Cash flow" block:
- Inflow — the money that actually came into the accounts during the period.
- Outflow — the money that left the accounts.
- Net — the difference (inflow − outflow).
Unlike accruals (income/expense), cash indicators reflect the real movement of money, and not the issued bills.
Statistical terms
Median (Median)
The value that splits the sample in half: half of the values are lower, half are higher. It is more robust than the average when there are outliers. For example, the average delivery time is 5 days, but the median is 3 days: this means that a few very long transportations distort the average.
P90 (the 90th percentile)
The value below which 90% of the sample lies. It is used to estimate the worst cases: "90% of documents pass a status in 2 hours, but 10% take longer". Useful for SLAs: "we guarantee a time of X in 90% of cases".
Survivorship bias (Survivorship bias)
A distortion where the delivery time report is built only on shipments with a filled-in planned date, while shipments without a planned date do not get into the calculation — the picture looks better than it is.
LogiFlow shows a warning in the Logistics → Delivery times report when the share of shipments without a planned delivery date exceeds 5%. When you see such a warning, interpret the timing indicators with caution.
What's next
- Dashboard and reports — where these indicators are used.
- Receivables and aging — more on DSO and debt aging.
- Posting operations — how the accruals on which financial analytics is built are formed.